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Challenging a conviction or sentence before a higher court.
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The process now runs under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita and the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, which replaced the IPC and CrPC in July 2024. A criminal lawyer intervenes at every stage: the police station, the bail application, framing of charge, trial, and appeal before the Sessions Court, High Court or Supreme Court.
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Bringing these to the first consultation saves a hearing later.
Every matter differs, but most follow roughly this sequence.
The lawyer obtains the FIR, assesses whether the offence is bailable, and moves for anticipatory bail if arrest appears likely.
The application is argued on the merits, the role attributed to you and the stage of investigation. Conditions and sureties are settled here.
Once the chargesheet is filed, the defence argues for discharge. If charges are framed, the matter goes to trial.
Prosecution evidence, cross-examination, defence evidence and final arguments. An adverse judgment can be appealed, with the sentence suspended in the meantime.
More specific matters handled under Criminal Law.
Securing release from custody after arrest, on conditions the court sets.
Protection from arrest applied for before it happens.
Online fraud, hacking, identity theft and offences under the IT Act.
Fraud, forgery, breach of trust and corporate criminal liability.
Criminal proceedings arising from cruelty and violence within the home.
Narcotics cases, where bail is restricted and quantity decides everything.
Section 138 complaints, with strict deadlines for notice and filing.
Ending a false or baseless FIR through the High Court.
Money laundering, banking fraud and cases before special courts.
Offences against children, tried under a special and strict procedure.
Serious offences against the person, tried before the Sessions Court.
Anticipatory bail is applied for before arrest and protects you from being taken into custody; it is heard only by the Sessions Court or the High Court. Regular bail is applied for after arrest, and can be moved before the Magistrate.
A complainant cannot simply withdraw an FIR in a non-compoundable offence. It can, however, be quashed by the High Court under its inherent powers — commonly where the parties have genuinely settled a private dispute, or where the FIR discloses no offence at all.
Immediately. The most valuable interventions — anticipatory bail, a properly recorded statement, preserving evidence — are only available early. Once the chargesheet is filed, the options narrow considerably.
Not always. For routine dates the lawyer can usually seek exemption from personal appearance. Attendance is mandatory at framing of charge, recording of your statement, and judgment.